???a? s???d??t??? µ???? t?? ??.
???t?p???te?t??e t? 1974 st?? ?' ?e??f??e?a ?e??a?? ?a? ???? st?? ??t??? d?ast????t?ta, p?? e??e p????ße? ?' a?apt??e? st??? p???????? ??????????? ???d??? ?a? f??e?? (a???t?sµ?? - p??s??p?sµ?? - ??? - F??t?t??? ???s? - F?????????? S??????? ??p), ?e?tat??, e????t??e ß???e?t??. ?p? p??? ?????, d?a??????e ??a t?? ?????ß???e?t??? t?? ap?d?s?. ? ??ß????s? t?? ???. ?a?aµa??? t?? eµp?ste????e t?? e?s???s? p????? ap? ta ???s?µ?te?a ??µ?s??d?a t?? p??t?? µetap???te?t???? e?e???? ??????. ?ts?, e?s??????e ??µata s??ta?µat???, pa?de?a? (e?pa?de?t??? µeta????µ?s?), d??a??s???? (epa??e?µat??? st???, ?fete?? ?e??a??, ?p?????f??a?e?a), e????s?ast??? (e????s?ast??? e?pa?de?s?), ??????µ??? (ep?d?µata, ast???? s?????????e? ??p.).
?? 1978 ?????eta? Ge????? G?aµµat?a? t?? ?????? t?? ???????, ??s? st?? ?p??a pa??µe??e µ???? t?? ???? t?? 1981. ?e t?? ?d??t?t? t?? a?t?, e?p??s?p?se t? e??????? ?????ß????? se p???? d?e??? ?????ß???e?t??? s???d??a (??ssaß??a, ?????, ????, ?ad??t?, St?asß?????, ????a, ????eµß?????, ?e??????, ?s??, ?a???a?, ?a???a ??p.) ?a? e?s??????e ??µata s?µa?t???? e?d?af????t?? («? ?pa??? ?a? ? ????? t?? ??µµat???? ?µ?d?? st? ?????ß?????», «??a??p?? ?a? pa?eµß??? st?? ?????ß???e?t??? ????», «? d?µ?s??t?ta t?? s???t?se?? t?? ?????ß???e?t???? ep?t??p??» ??p.).
??t?te, ??e? e??e?e? ß???e?t??, st?? ?d?a a?t? pe??f??e?a (p?? e??a? ? d?s????te?? t?? ???a? ??a t? ??) 5 a??µa f???? (???µß???? 1989 – ??t?ß???? 1993 – Sept?µß???? 1996 – ?p?????? 2000 - ???t??? 2004). St?? t?e?? e?d??µese? ?a? s??e??µe?e? e? t?? e?????? a?t?? (1993 - 1996 - 2004) ?ta? ? µ??ad???? ß???e?t?? t?? ?? st?? ?' ?e??f??e?a ?e??a??. ?a?’ ??? a?t? t? µa??? d??st?µa, a??pt??e ??t??? ?????ß???e?t??? pa???s?a, a?apt?ss??ta? ?? a?ap????t?? ?????ß???e?t???? ??p??s?p?? t?? ??se?? t?? ??µµat?? ?a? p??t?stat??ta? st?? ?????ß???e?t??? ??e???.
St?? p??sfate? e?????? e?e???? ?a? p??? p??t?? ß???e?t??, a??????ta? t?s? t??? sta????? p??t?µ?se??, ?s? ?a? t?? d?af??? t?? ap? t??? ?p????p??? s???p???f???? t???.
?ete??e, ap? p?e???? ??, st?? p??a?a???t??? ep?t??p? ??a t?? ?p????p? t??ef?????? s??d?a???e??.
??p??s?p?se t? ??, st?? s???t?s?, p?? d?e????? t? 1995, se ep?ped? a??????, µe ??µa t?? e????a?s? t?? p???t???? ß???.
???s???e e?d???? e?s???t?? t?? ?? ep? t?? p???p?????sµ?? t?? 2000, ?a??? ?a? ep? t?? e??t?ta? "??????t??? ??????s? t?? ???t??? - ??p??? ??t?d?????s? - ??e???t?te? ??????t???? ?????" t?? ?p?t??p?? ??a?e???s?? t?? S??t??µat??.
???????, ??e? d?ate??se?:
???et? ?????: t?? ?e?t????? ?p?t??p?? t?? ?? (1994), t?? ??te?est???? ?p?t??p?? (1994).
????? t?? ????t???? S?µß?????? ap? t?? ??t?ß??? 1994 µ???? ta t??? t?? 1995
???et?? ???ed??? t?? ???: ???ed??a?, µet?pe?ta ??µ?s?a? ??????s??, ?µp?????? ?a?t???a? ?a? ???a??s????. • ?pe?????? ??a t?? ??p??? ??t?d?????s? aµf?t???? t?? ßa?µ??, ep? d??µ?s? ?????a.
?pe?????? t?? ??µ?? S?µ??, ep? 2 ?????a ?a? t?? ??µ?? ??sß??, ep? ??t? ?????a
????? t?? ??e????? ??a?????ß???e?t???? ???se?? (IPU)
????? t?? Policy Studies Institute.
???ed??? t?? F?????????? S??????? ???a?a?, p?? ??e? ß?aße??e? ap? t?? ??ad?µ?a ?????? ?a?
????? t?? ?d??µat?? ?a?da??????? ?e?et?? ?? ?fa?µ????.
St?? p??????µe?? ?????ß???e?t??? pe???d? d?et??ese:
??ap????t?? ?????ß???e?t???? e?p??s?p?? t?? ??. St? ??s? a?t? ???s???e ap? t?? ??sta ?a?aµa???, e???? µet? t?? te?e?ta?e? e?????? t?? 2000. ?e a?t? t?? t?? ?d??t?ta d?a?e???s???e, µ???? t??a, de??de? ???s?µ?? ??µ?s?ed???, p?? af????sa? ??µata ??????µ?a?, ?a?de?a?, ??µ?s?a? ??????s??, ???a??s????, ?a?t???a? ?.?.p.
????? t?? ??a????? ?????ß???e?t???? ?p?t??p?? ??µ?s?a? ??????s??, ???a??s???? ?a? ??µ?s?a? ?????.
?p? t?? 10? ?a?t??? 2004, ? ?????p?????? ??sta? ?a?aµa???? t?? ???se ?f?p????? ?etaf???? & ?p??????????. St?? p??sfat? a?as??µat?sµ? ???s???e ?? ?f?p?????? ???pt????
'????a, µe??te? ?a? s??e?te??e?? t?? ????? d?µ?s?e??e?, ?at? ?a?????, st?? ?µe??s?? ?a? pe???d??? ??p?, e?? ??e? d?se? p????? d?a???e??, p??? se ??µata p???t????, ??????????, ?st?????? ?a? ?e????te?a p?e?µat???? p??ß??µat?sµ??.
??e? t?µ??e? µe d??f??e? d?a???se??.
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